Speaker
Description
The increasing integration of digital technologies into global trade governance is transforming how environmental objectives are pursued through Trade-Related Environmental Measures (TREMs). This paper explores the role of digitalization in shaping and implementing TREMs, with a specific focus on the legal and policy implications for Malaysia. It examines how technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital traceability systems are being leveraged to monitor compliance with environmental standards, enhance transparency, and facilitate eco-certification in cross-border trade. While digital tools offer significant potential to strengthen the effectiveness and legitimacy of TREMs, they also raise complex legal and equity concerns—particularly for developing countries like Malaysia, which face structural challenges related to digital infrastructure, regulatory readiness, and data governance. The paper analyses Malaysia’s current legal and institutional framework in relation to both digital trade and environmental regulation and assesses the country's capacity to adapt to emerging digital sustainability requirements under international trade law, including WTO disciplines such as the TBT and SPS Agreements. The study highlights Malaysia’s need to modernize its digital and regulatory infrastructure to remain competitive in a trade environment increasingly defined by sustainability and transparency. Key policy recommendations are proposed to support Malaysia’s transition toward a digitally enabled, green trade framework.
Keywords: Digitalization, Trade-Related Environmental Measures, Malaysia Digital Technologies, Legal Framework, Legal Implication
